Annual Operating Costs Minimization in Electrical Distribution Networks via the Optimal Selection and Location of Fixed-Step Capacitor Banks Using a Hybrid Mathematical Formulation

The minimization of annual operating costs in radial distribution networks with the optimal selection and siting fixed-step capacitor banks is addressed this research by means a two-stage optimization approach. first stage proposes an approximated mixed-integer quadratic model to select nodes where must be installed. In second stage, recursive power flow method employed make exhaustive evaluation solution space. main contribution use expected load curve estimate equivalent grid costs. Numerical simulations IEEE 33- 69-bus systems demonstrate effectiveness proposed methodology comparison exact General Algebraic Modeling System software. Reductions 33.04% 34.29% respect benchmark case are obtained approach, minimum investments banks. All numerical implementations performed MATLAB software using convex tool known as CVX Gurobi solver. advantage hybrid lies possibility dealing meshed system topologies without any modification on MIQC